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Ultra-pure silicon (impurities of no more than a few atoms per thousand atoms) is the most important semiconductor material, which is widely used in computers, microwave communications, optical fiber communications, and solar power generation. Semiconductor silicon materials are developing rapidly.

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1. Ingredient List

metallic silicon
Grade/spec	Si	Fe	Al	Ca
	≥	≤
553	98.5%	0.5%	0.5%	0.3%
441	99.0%	0.4%	0.4%	0.1%
421	99.2%	0.4%	0.2%	0.1%
411	99.3%	0.4%	0.1%	0.1%
3303	99.3%	0.3%	0.3%	0.03%
2202	99.5%	0.2%	0.2%	0.02%
1101	99.7%	0.1%	0.1%	0.01%
2502	99.4%	0.25%	0.25%	0.02%

2. Related introduction

The classification of silicon metal is usually based on the content of the three main impurities of iron, aluminum, and calcium contained in the silicon metal composition. According to the content of iron, aluminum, and calcium in silicon metal, silicon metal can be classified into different grades such as 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, and 1101.

Industrially, silicon metal is usually produced by reducing silicon dioxide from carbon in an electric furnace. The chemical reaction equation: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO The silicon thus produced is 97-98% pure and is called silicon metal. It is then melted and recrystallized, and impurities are removed with acid to obtain silicon metal with a purity of 99.7~99.8%.

Silicon metal is composed mainly of silicon, so it has similar properties to silicon. There are two isomers of silicon, amorphous silicon, and crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon is a grayish-black powder and is actually a microcrystal. Crystalline silicon has the crystal structure and semiconductor properties of diamond, with a melting point of 1410°C, a boiling point of 2355°C, Mohs hardness of 7, and brittle nature. Amorphous silicon is chemically active and can burn violently in oxygen. It reacts with halogens, nitrogen, carbon, and other non-metals at high temperatures, and can also interact with magnesium, calcium, iron, and other metals to produce silicides. Amorphous silicon is insoluble in almost all inorganic and organic acids, including hydrofluoric acid, but can dissolve in a mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution can dissolve amorphous silicon and release hydrogen gas. Crystalline silicon is relatively inactive and does not chemically combine with oxygen even at high temperatures. It is also insoluble in any kind of inorganic and organic acids, but is soluble in a mixture of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid as well as in concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions.

3. Product production